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This regex matches two common formats of alphanumeric identifiers: either three uppercase letters, a hyphen, and four digits (e.g., ABC-1234), or three uppercase letters, a single digit, an uppercase letter, and two digits (e.g., ABC1D23). It is useful for validating or extracting product codes, flight numbers, or reference IDs that follow these fixed patterns. The 'gm' flags enable global matching across multiple lines.