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This regex matches international phone numbers in various formats, capturing an optional country code (with +, 1-4 digits) and area code (in parentheses, 1-3 digits), followed by three digit groups (1-4, 1-4, and 1-9 digits) separated by optional dashes, dots, or whitespace. It handles formats like +1 (555) 123-4567, +44-20-7123-4567, or 555.123.4567. With the global flag, it finds all phone numbers in text, and the capture groups let you extract the country code, area code, and number segments. Useful for form validation and phone number extraction/parsing.