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This regex matches the 3-line Machine Readable Zone (MRZ) format used in TD1 official travel documents, such as national ID cards, following the ICAO 9303 standard. It captures specific fields including document type, issuing country, document number, birthdate, expiration date, sex, nationality, and the holder's name. It also accounts for check digits used for validation. It is highly useful for identity verification, KYC processes, and automated data extraction from identity cards.