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This regex matches dates in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD), consisting of a four-digit year, two-digit month, and two-digit day separated by hyphens. It's useful for validating or extracting date strings in standardized formats commonly used in databases, APIs, and log files. Note that it validates format only, not whether the date is actually valid (e.g., 2024-13-45 would match).