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This regex matches decimal numbers, including integers, decimals with an integer part (e.g., 3.14), decimals starting with a dot (e.g., .5), and integers with a trailing dot (e.g., 10.). It is useful for extracting or validating numeric values in text, such as prices, measurements, or statistical data. The pattern splits into two main alternatives: one requiring at least one leading digit with an optional fractional part, and another matching numbers that begin with a decimal point. It handles common decimal formats without scientific notation or signs.